{"id":89,"date":"2009-10-13T09:58:38","date_gmt":"2009-10-13T14:58:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aloqilat.com\/ar\/?p=89"},"modified":"2026-05-20T00:36:29","modified_gmt":"2026-05-19T21:36:29","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%87%d9%85-%d8%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aloqilat.com\/en\/89\/","title":{"rendered":"Who Were Al-Oqilat?"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"834\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/aloqilat.com\/en\/jh3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/aloqilat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/jh3-1.jpg?fit=800%2C689&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,689\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/aloqilat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/jh3-1.jpg?fit=800%2C689&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/jh3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-834\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Men of the Al-Oqilat: \u2018O riders, you who rise from among Aqeel, \/ Upon the pack saddles of tall, fully laden camels.\u2019 Who were the Al-Oqilat? They were merchants from Najd, particularly Al-Qassim\u2014Buraidah, Unaizah, Al-Rass, Al-Bukayriyah, Al-Khabra, Al-Badai, Uyun Al-Jiwa, Qusaiba, Al-Midhnab, Al-Qaraa, Al-Shiqqah, Al-Tarfiyah, Al-Shimasiyah, Al-Rubay'iyah, and Uthal. They did not belong to a single tribe or family. They were united not by lineage, but by \u2018Aqeel\u2019 as a commercial profession. They were settled townspeople who traded primarily in camels, as well as horses and general merchandise. They exported camels, horses, sheep, and ghee to Kuwait, Iraq, the Levant, Jordan, Palestine, Turkey, and Egypt. They imported clothing, weapons, coffee, tea, sugar, rice, and everything their own country lacked. They observed the five daily prayers at their appointed times and proclaimed the call to prayer openly. They practiced this trade for nearly four hundred years, until it disappeared in 1368 AH. In doing so, they linked Arab and Muslim countries economically, commercially, and politically. The Al-Oqilat created an honorable and distinguished legacy for their homeland abroad, embodying trustworthiness, courage, patience, cooperation, knowledge of routes, selflessness, chivalry, patriotism, loyalty, and honesty in business. Their integrity and truthfulness became proverbial. In buying and selling across the Levant and other lands, people would say: \u2018Be like an Al-Oqilat man.\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\">Buraidah was the best-known market from which the Al-Oqilat set out. Doughty wrote: \u2018Buraidah is the most active town of the Al-Oqilat.\u2019 Amin Al-Rihani wrote in Kings of the Arabs, p. 617: \u2018Buraidah is the largest market for auctioning camels in the Arab lands.\u2019 On p. 611, he wrote: \u2018Buraidah is where the Bedouin of Mutair, Huta'im, Otaibah, Harb, and others halt; they come there to buy and sell.\u2019 A British Admiralty intelligence report stated that the Al-Oqilat were people of Najd, and of Al-Qassim in particular: IOR\/L\/PS\/20\/E84, A Handbook of Arabia, Admiralty War Staff, Intelligence Division, May 1916, vol. II, p. 19, cited in Najdis Beyond the Borders, p. 23. Another report stated that their sheikh was always a citizen of Buraidah residing in that town, and that the Al-Oqilat gathered under his banner: IOR\/L\/PS\/20\/C131, Personalities, Arabia, Admiralty War Staff, Intelligence Division, April 1917, pp. 147\u201348, cited in Najdis Beyond the Borders, p. 23. The traveler Muhammad Shafiq Effendi Mustafa, who visited Najd in 1926, wrote that the people of Al-Qassim\u2014especially the residents of Buraidah and Unaizah\u2014were the wealthiest people in Najd, the most urbanized and energetic, and the most knowledgeable about methods of trade; cited in Najdis Beyond the Borders, p. 181. The orientalist Lorimer wrote in 1300 AH that Buraidah's principal market was the city's most prominent feature: it extended north and south and was divided into sections for different trades. The author of The Virtues of the Arabs wrote: \u2018For the people of Al-Qassim, leaving their country and confronting hardship is considered natural. They are the people of the Arabian Peninsula most able to endure life away from home, and the most experienced in it. For one of their men, being absent from his family for ten days or for twenty years is equally ordinary, so long as it is in pursuit of work and lawful livelihood. They are trustworthy and truthful in their dealings and stand beside anyone among them in need. Most of their wealthy men are self-made: after God's grace, they earned and developed their wealth by leaving their homeland. They are the Al-Oqilat.\u2019 End quote, p. 183. Al-Shafi'i, may God have mercy on him, said: \u2018Leave your homeland in search of distinction, \/ And travel\u2014for journeys bring five rewards: \/ Relief from worry, the earning of a living, \/ Knowledge, refinement, and noble company. \/ If it is said that travel brings hardship and distress, \/ Crossing deserts and confronting danger, \/ Then death is better for a young man than remaining \/ In a house of humiliation, among slanderers and the envious.\u2019 The Al-Oqilat maintained exceptionally honorable and strong relations with the emirs of the tribes whose territories they crossed, foremost among them the emirs of Al-Shaalan. The Al-Shaalan emirs showed them chivalry, heroism, generosity, cooperation, and affection, as did the emirs of Shammar and Harb and most tribal sheikhs. The difference between an Al-Oqilat man, a rahili, a camel driver, and a ra'i al-shidad: The work of an Al-Oqilat man differed fundamentally from that of the rahili, the camel driver, and the ra'i al-shidad. The Al-Oqilat man was first and foremost a merchant in camels, as well as horses and sheep. He drove herds from across the Arabian Peninsula to Iraq, the Levant, Turkey, Jordan, Palestine, and Egypt for sale in favorable markets. They also bought camels in South Africa and drove them to Arab countries, then purchased various goods and brought them to Najd. The caravan emir was accompanied by guards and companions, cooks, coffee servers, herders, and assistants. The poet Al-Lahim said: \u2018Those riding them are Al-Oqilat, not camel drivers; \/ Their mettle is unlike the mettle of the rahili. \/ This Al-Oqilat man possesses resolve and wealth; \/ His road is long, unlike the rahili's.\u2019 The rahili resembled a hired camel driver. He traveled for wages or to buy goods in Iraq, Kuwait, and Bahrain and sell them in Najd and Al-Ahsa, and he carried goods for Bedouin communities from one place to another. A camel driver used his camel to earn wages and carry water, firewood, and similar necessities. The ra'i al-shidad rode his she-camel on military expeditions. The poet Nasser Al-Bukhait said: \u2018Those riding them are Al-Oqilat, not pack-saddle camel drivers.\u2019 Al-Lahim also said: \u2018We are Aqeel, masters of tall, mature camels, \/ The pride of caravans when every homebody sleeps. \/ How often we crossed unknown, rolling wastes, \/ Pale expanses in whose folds the wolf howls. \/ Through resolve and strength, honor is our gain, \/ Alongside every valiant man whose hopes reach far. \/ Crossers of the desert, beloved of doe-eyed maidens, \/ Raised among lofty, wind-swept heights.\u2019 Al-Oqilat terminology and the members of their journeys: Al-Oqilat man\u2014the merchant and owner of capital. Herders\u2014responsible for grazing and protecting the camels. Mulhaq\u2014an assistant who served the journey. Coffee server\u2014responsible for coffee and the shira', now known as the tent. Cook\u2014responsible for cooking. Khawi\u2014a companion drawn from a tribe whose territory the caravan crossed. \u2018They went west\u2019\u2014their journey to the Levant, Jordan, Palestine, and Egypt. \u2018They went east\u2019\u2014their eastward return home. \u2018They crossed\u2019\u2014they crossed the Jordan Valley. Muaddiyah\u2014men who moved the camels from the eastern side of the bridge to the western side and delivered them to markets throughout the various countries; because of their knowledge of the routes, they also resided in those countries. Shira'\u2014a group of Al-Oqilat merchants. People would say: \u2018So-and-so, the emir of the Al-Oqilat, traveled to the Levant or Iraq with so many shira',\u2019 meaning so many Al-Oqilat merchants. Mudahha\u2014a place where the caravan stopped and stayed at midday to eat lunch. Muashsha\u2014a place where it stopped and stayed in the evening to eat dinner. Compiled and prepared by Mr. Abdul Latif Al-Wuhaibi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a : \u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0628 \u064a\u0627\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627=\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0645 : \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0645 ( \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 ,\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633 ,\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 , \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0639 ,\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 ,\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0621 ,\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0646\u0628 ,\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0621 , \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 ,\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 , \u0627\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0644 ,) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 ,(\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 (\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":139,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_nectar_blocks_hide_post_title":false,"_nectar_blocks_transparent_header_effect":false,"_nectar_blocks_transparent_header_effect_color":"light","_nectar_blocks_header_animation":false,"_nectar_blocks_header_animation_delay":0,"_nectar_blocks_header_animation_effect":"fade","_nectar_blocks_page_css":"","_nectar_blocks_page_js":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7],"tags":[21],"class_list":["post-89","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aloqilat","tag-21"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/phe3P2-1r","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":487,"url":"https:\/\/aloqilat.com\/en\/487\/","url_meta":{"origin":89,"position":0},"title":"Introducing Al-Oqilat","author":"www.ihelp.co@gmail.com","date":"2010-03-24","format":false,"excerpt":"\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a: \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0644\u0647\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0629 , \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0629, \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621, \u0648\u0623\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0644, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0621, \u0648\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0621, 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